Monday 4th November 2024.
Media industries and audience.
L/O: To explore the content of unit.
Film industry:
Warner bros assets-
- Cartoon network
- Discovery channel
- Animal planet
- Cartoon network
- Discovery channel
- Animal planet
- DC
-HBO
Products produced-
-Scooby doo
- Batman
- Superman
-Tom and jerry (Films and games)
-The penguin
- Lego games
Warner bros worth-
$20.18 billion
A conglomerate is a large corporation that consists of multiple business operating in different industries or sectors. The business are called subsidiaries of the commemorate and are managed as separate entitles while benefiting from shared resources.
The walt Disney company is an example of a conglomerate. it operates in various industries, including media, entertainment, theme parks, and consumer products.
Disneys strategy of diversification had helped hem become one of the largest media and entertainment companies.
Disney industries-
Media networks, parks, resorts and studio entertainment.
Disneys worth-
173.76 billion
How much did disney pay for these companies:
Pixar- $7.4 billion
Lucasfilm- $4 billion
Marvel- $4 billion
20th century fox- $71.3 billion
How much revenue have they generated:
Pixar- $11.5 billion
Lucasfilm- $12 billion
Marvel- $13.2 billion
20th century fox-
Friday 8th November 2024.
Horizontal integration and vertical integration are two different but common strategies they are used by companies to expand their operations and incase their market power.
Horizontal integration- This is when companies buy other companies that produce the same products.
Vertical integration- When a company acquires/merges with another company that is on different level on the value chain.
5 major technological developments-
- Lumier brothers (creation of a camera)
- Editing
- Synchronised sound
- Cinemas (1930s cinema was popular)
Major film studios in 1930-1945
- Warner bros
- Fox
- Paramount
- RKO
- MGM
- Universal
- Columbia
Film regulation had started and they had a do's and don'ts list of what they can and cant show.
Who was Walt disney and how did he become a success in 1930?
Walt disney was known to be a driven man and all he wanted was to make a name for him self and was a national celebrity at 30, and has won more film awards then anyone. He had always wanted to be an artist and his talent of drawing is what caught peoples attention. He had a job at a local AD company and loved the cinemas watching at least 1 film a night. He had a few training at art schools and was convinced he could create better then what he was taught and he slowly started to make illustrations and making the illusion of movement. He started off with short cartoons by borrowing his bosses camera and would sell them to companies. At 20 he quit his job and started making short films and secured a contract for 6 short films. He created a cartoon experiment where they insert real people into a cartoon, it didn't go well and experienced his first failure. The only female producer at the time wanted to watch Walts short film and asked him to make 12 to pay him $1500 per episode. Him and his brother in 1923 had then started a business where Walt could create his cartoons and his brother would promote them and his distributer payed him lots of money for more films. His workers got mad at him because they would work night and weekends an he took most the money and credit, Charles mice owned the rights to Disney OZ episodes and he poached most of his artists and they drew for charles and walt had lost everything. Walt had then created mickey mouse and owned the rights to him and his wife created the name. He struggled to find a distributer but wouldn't give up but he added sound to his animaton. He managed to find someone on broadway and they shown steam boat mickey. In 1934 Disney had realesed his first full length animation film snow white and the 7 dawfs.
Monday 11th November 2024.
Snow white.
Monday 18th November 2024.
L/O: To explore the context and influences in the 1930s
Main characters- Snow white, Evil queen, the seven darwfs and the prince
Narrative- The evil queen was upset that snow white was the fairest in the land and put a spell on snow white making her fall asleep until her true loved kissed her to wake her up
Themes- Jealousy, love
Representation- The dwarves are shown to be old and short having grey beards, snow white is portrayed as a young and the most beautiful, evil queen is shown as an old hag who doesn't like snow white and is evil.
The first film that bought out merchandise related to a film
The first movie to have vinel to go with it
The making of sow white was he first full length animated movie ever
Disney and his team made many changes to snow white so it would suite all of his audience
It took 3 years to create and produce snow white
Their was a large team working on snow white
The multi-plane camera added better illusion and depth to the animation
Disney was heavily involved in the production and seen every aspec of the movie
The film music was the first musical
Snow white and seven dwarves was premiered on 21st of december
The success of snow white helped the production of full length animation films
Snow white is classified as a classic movie
Their were several influences to snow white
The brothers grimm e.g. good vs evil
Another influence was the european ballet and opera
Animation got inspiration through a few sources
Production context:
Multiplane camera: this camera was a new technology that would allow animators to create the illusion of depth and movement in the animation.
Rotoscoping: This is a technique in which animators will trace over live-action footage.
Silly Symphonies: Walt disney 'silly syphoneys' was a short film which began in 1929.
The american mid-west:
Walts upbringing had an impact on the themes and values that are presented in his films.
Disneys Midwestern roots instilled in him a deep appreciation for family, community, and hard work, and these values are often reflected in his films.
In addition to these themes, Disney's films also often featured a nostalgic view of rural American, with picturesque settings and idyllic small towns.
Monday 25th November 2024.
The golden age.
L/O: To explore Cinema in the 1930s.
- 1896 first cinema was open and cost a nickel to view a short film.
- Live music used instead of sound.
- African americans sat somewhere else.
- Used to make fairytales to block out the thoughts of war.
- Middle class people went to cinema.
- Movie palaces.
- Double features.
- Newsreels and cartoons.
- Intermissions.
- Censorship.
Overall cinema in the 30s was popular form of entertainment.
The distribution process typically involved sending copies of films to theatres.
Friday 6th December 2024.
Context.
L/O: To explore regulation and context of 1930s.
BBFC regulates the films in the UK
In the US they had a hays code that was introduced in 1930 and was created as a self-regulation that would eliminate any inappropriate or graphic content.
Snow white and the seven dwarfs was produced in accordance to the hays code the film didn't have any offensive code but they did push the bouderies with the dark and scary scenes.
In the UK the board of regulation had the right to cut or ban films from being shown in the country because of graphic or offensive content. Snow white and seven dwarfs was marked as a U but there was a warning that it may not be okay for the age group and the evil queen might been seen as scary.
Both america and the UK regulations had an impact on the production and distribution of snow white.
How the media products studied differ in institutional backgrounds and use of media language to create meaning and construct representations to reach different audiences. How media products studied can act as a means of reflecting historical issues and events. How media studies is influenced by social, cutrual, political and historical context.
Economic context is to do with money through their production costs, revenue streams, merchandising, films historical significance. It cost Disney $1.5m to make snow white but they had earned over $8m back in revenue costs. Disney is a big film and has historical significance because it was the first full length animated movie. The long term impact of this is that because of the money earned disney was able to make more animations films and series.
Historical context:
Proliferation of technology: audience expectations
Dominance of hollywood majors.
Disneys personal role in making snow white.
Monday 16th December 2024.
Shang-chi and the legand of the 10 rings
Main characters-
Shang-chi
Xu Wenwu
Xu Xialing
Ying nan
Katy
Narrative-
The narrative is a story about a young kung-fu master who was forced to grow up to fast and that now has effect on the future and his farther draws him to search for a mythical village.
Themes-
Family, identity, culture
Representation-
No white characters
All men and women are equal
Friday 10th January 2025.
Shang-chi marketing and promotion.
New technologies-
-CGI (computer generated imagery) to create effects.
- Motion capture used to animate a digital character.
-Green screen used to replace background with a digitally-created envioment.
-Practical effects create realistic and tactile environments and props.
-3D printing allows filmakers to create intricate props and costumes.
Streaming services-
-Offering a wide range of content with the official streaming service they reduce the risk of people copying.
-Providing high-quality streaming with the official streaming services they offer a great quality film rather then it being recorded on a hand held device.
-Implementing anti-piracy measures the streaming services can prevent piracy of their films with digital rights management.
-Offering competitive pricing the streaming services can offer competitive pricing.
Streaming and Disney-
-They expand their distribution channels and reach a wider audience.
-With their streaming platforms they connect with their audiences in a new and engaging way.
-Wealth of data and insights about their audience.
-Adapt to changing consumer behaviour and preferences.
-New challenges related to piracy and copyright.
Streaming sites- Digitally convergent media platforms.
Marketing techniques-
-Social media
-Adverts
-Posters
-Popcorn buckets and cups
-Product placements
-Trailers
-Audio ads
-Billboards
-Onscreen magazines
-Collaborations
-Interviews
-Links to video games
-Point sale display
-Merchandise
-Influencer marketing
-Publicity stunts
A distribution agreement will also cover:
-The promotion in all media before and after release
-Different cuts necessary for different cultures or territories
- How the income for the realese will be appointed
- How far distribution licence extends into other markets such as TV and home entertainment
Marketing techniques 1930's:
-Soundtrack
-Merchandise
-Posters
-Trailers
-Word of mouth
-Press marketing
-Brand identity
Shang-chi had an unveiling at comic-con and had partnered with microsoft and BMW.
Limited edition drink
Posting on twitter and instagram
TV interviews
Tv sports
Social media
Rotten tomatos
Word of mouth
Synergy
Reviews
Friday 17th January 2025.
Shang-chi Economic content.
Merchandise:
Production costs: Marvel and Disney are both know to have high-budget films with extensive visual effects and using top stars for their cast. Shang-chi and the legend of the ten rings was reportedly around $150 million.
Box office revenue: The success of marvel and Disney films are usually based around the box office performance.
Market trends: The economic performance for marvel and disney are influenced by broader market trends in the film industry.
Streaming and distribution: This is the amount of people where to stream the film on Disney+ themselfs.
Shang-chi was rated a 12A by the BBFC because of the moderate language, Violence, fantasy threat, bloody images and language. The violence in the film goes into the 12A category because of certain scenes shown such as when Xu Wenwu harnesses the whole power from the ten rings he takes out an entire army.
One of the soldiers was thrown into the air and then lands upside down with the suggestive sound of bones being broken. They also show elements of martial arts in the film incorporating different fighting styles and imagery.
At a 12A the BBFC guidelines state that there should be no emphasis on injuries or blood but occasional gory moments may be permitted if justified by the context. There are some scenes in Shang- chi where the characters could have cuts or grazes but it is not focused on for sustainable periods and incorporate elements of fantasy.
Language is another factor in the 12A films classification: a single use of the term 'bitch' While other milder terms used in the film ('ass', 'shit' and 'bloody') would be acceptable at PG.
Scenes in shan-chi for it to be 12A:
- Fight scene with his farther
- Drowning scene
- Demons
Streaming sites:
Streaming sites have to regulate their own age classifications for several reasons:
- Each country has its own classification system, streaming services often have global reach.
- Streaming services have access to user data.
Using their own age classifications can also have drawbacks. It could lead to viewers being confused particularly if they use a different classification system in their own country.
Some countries ban films due to political or moral reasons or for controversial content, such as racism, copyright violation, and underage immorality. Some of marvels big films such as eternals and doctor strange multiverse of madness due to same-sex kiss. Shang-chi was banned in china it is rumoured to be because of them not approving to stereotypes of the Chinese culture.
Monday 20th January 2025.
Exam format.
L/O: To explore exam style questions.
1)
Strength-
- Explains the different marketing techniques
- Introduction answers the question
- Explains evolution of tech
Weakness-
- Doesn't talk much about tech/society
- No conclusion
2)
Strength-
- Explanation about tech in 60s and how that could've effected marketing
- Conclusion
- Explains current marketing
Weakness-
- No introduction
3)
Strength-
- Talks about the difference in marketing techniques
- Explains the changes in tech
Weakness-
- No conclusion
- No comparisons
- Only focusing on modern text
Their is a difference between how producers used to engage and target their audience compared to now, due to the mass use of technology now producers are more then likely to use technology and use social media platform to market their films.
Snow whites producers would reach their audience by producing new toys and products for the younger audience and would grab the attention of the older audience because it was the first long animated film shown in theaters so people would go to have something to watch. Social context helped the producers with getting the audiences in as it was the main place people would go to socialize and escape what was going on in the real world. Snow whites producers had also created merch for people to buy in shops and started to distribute the movie around for more people to enjoy. Snow white was known to have a range of audiences due to the economic context where the theaters wouldn't show very long films.
The producers of Shang-chi would've used the more up to date marketing skills using social media and big platforms to engage and reach their targeted audience, social context currently influenced this as most people have a technological device and would be able to see the advertes and trailers. However, social media isn't the only way they marketed shang-chi, they had placed a advert at the basketball game showing their target audience is stereotypically older men. Shang-chi had also produced t-shirts, toys, collectables e.c.t. Due to Shang-chis high budget the editing in the film and the use of CGI was known to be really good compared to the cgi, they would also realese teaser trailers getting people more impatient and wanting to watch the film.
Friday 24 January 2025.
Summary.
The film industry in 1930s:
- Oligopoly group formed in the 1930s that controlled the market in the USA and much of the world, these companies where Paramount, Meta, Goldwyn mayer, Warner bros, 20th century fox and RKO.
- These studios owned and controlled every element of the film process from distribution and production to exhibition.
- Walt Disney was distributed by RKO even before snow white.
- The system of the studio broke down in the 1940s and 1950s due to anti-trust lawsuits and the competition from television.
- The 21st century Disney company in contrast to the productions of Disney in 1937, is an international conglomerate.
- Big budget tentpole films must offer visual spectacle and an immersive experience.
- 1970s introduced 'blockbuster': large budget films with accessible pleasures designed to appeal to mass global audiences, which flood the market with saturated distribution and huge marketing offers.
The film industry now:
- Production companies will now bring together a script, cast, producers, directors and other key staff as a package and to promote to distributers often a hollywood studio.
- Theory link: Hasmondhalgh- Film companies produce big-budget blockbusters e.g. MCU films as they represent minimum risk for maximum profit.
Production key points:
- Production was much quicker then, but distribution was slower.
- Celluloid films would travel from cinema to cinema and big cities would get it before small towns.
- Walt 'acted out' the film for approximately 4 hours to animators.
- The film was the first ever to use technicolor.
- Multiplane camera.
- Cel animation.
Distribution key points:
- Premiered snow white in LA in december 1937 then shown in 2 cinemas in new york and Miami in January 1938.
- RKO then decided on a general realese in February 1938 due to a good box office.
- Positive critical response.
- In one London cinema it ran for over 6 months.
- Was great success in US and overseas.
- Lack of competition from other media, no Tv.
- Cinema re-release: in 1944 to boost money for Disney during the war then every 7 years.
- VHS realese in 1994.
- DVD realese in 2001 snow white was the first of Disney's premium edition line of features and access on 2 discs.
- Blu-ray in 2009.
- DVD/blu-ray and 4K special edition in 2011.
- International distribution- seven foreign versions realesed.
Marketing Key points:
- Star-studded premier.
- NBC radio.
- Review.
- Print poster campaign.
- 'Trailer'.
- Merchandise(First film to experience with this)
- Tie-ins.
Shang-chi production key points:
- CGI, motion pictures and blue screen technology have become synonymous with marvel superhero action films.
- Immersive experience for audience.
- Pyrotechnics and stuns
Distribution key points:
- Vertical integration in use.
- Realese in cinemas may 2021.
- The budget for the film was estimated $150-$200 million.
- The film made $432 million.
Realese key points:
- Premed in August 2021 then realesed in us on 'Labour day'.
- Simultaneously 'saturation' release.
- Box office dropped 67% after the first week.
- 30% of the box office sales came from overseas with the UK being one of the biggest sellers.
Marketing key points:
- Global distribution was much easier in 2021, given the speed and economy of digital distribution.
- Marvel as a brand.
- Producers are named while the cast are not.
- Trailers appeal to both general, global audiences who might be coming to the MCU for the first time.
- The MCU fans would watch the trailer and know to watch for easter eggs and watch to see the end credit scenes.
- Global print campaign.
- Teaser poster.
- Teaser trailer.
- Full official trailer.
- Ride at Disneyland.
- Product tie-ins
- Merchandice.
- Events.
Historical (snow white only):
- The attitude to people with dwarfism is particularly patronising.
- The film was produced by white men in an era where mainstream hollywood was targeted at an all white audience.
- Hays code came in full force in the first half of 1930s a range of representations that would be considered normal today.
- The great depression followed by wall street crash in 1992 was occasionally represented in hollywood.
Economic context:
- Free market capitalism:
- The pre suit of profit through selling products to audiences, can also be used political control over what audiences can/can't see.
- BBFC is not run by the government.
- The economic domination of the US film industry:
- Walt Disney was a small fish in the most economically powerful film industry.
- Globalisation:
- Both films where succesful in global market.
- The pase of globalisation accelerated at the end of the 20th centry.
Radio!!
Radio 1 breakfast show.
L/O: To research the background and industry behind the BBC radio 1 show.
- September 30th 2017 it celebrated its 50th anniversary.
- The show was launched in 1967 and offered a diet of pop music.
- It was set up as an alternative to the two existing BBC radio channels radio 2 and radio 4.
- Radio 1 breakfast is still considered the flagship programme of the radio station.
- Change of presenter draws much media attention.
- What is public service broadcasting and what does this mean for the BBC? Television and radio programmes that are broadcast to provide information, advise, or entertainment to the public without trying to make a profit. Rethian values: A way of educating the masses ( the BBC must broadcast under a royal charter). The BBC must be funded by the licence fee, should always be approachable and accountable. High quality broadcasting but with the background of tradition (the BBC still holds this reputation). Publicly owned.
- How is the BBC funded? Primarily through a licence fee.
- How many radio stations does the BBC have and how do they differ? The BBC have 10 radio stations. They all have different genres and all talk about different types of news. Each radio station also has a different target audience.
- What are the BBC's mission, values and public purposes? Act in the public interest, serving all audiences through the provision of impartial, high-quality and distinctive output and services which inform, educate and entertain. Values: Audiences, Creativity, Trust, Respect and Accountable.
- What are the main differences between commercial and non-commercial radio? Items that are for sale are commercial and items that are not for sale, such as gifts, are non-commercial.
https://downloads.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/regulatory_framework/service_licences/radio/2016/radio1_dec16.pdf
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/our_work/services/radio/service_licences/bbc_radio_1.html
Problems with funding model:
-Culturally UK government (Conservative governments).
- Over 75s now pay unless on pension credit.
Point- losses can be sustained by the BBC like the significant decline in listeners of the breakfast show.
Decline in quality is something different however that effects the brand and repetition of BBC as institution hence Grimshaw-james switch.
Monday 10th February 2025.
Radio 1 breakfast show.
PSB and political context:
- PSB has an important role to play in democracy/culture.
- PSB institutions are dependent on political support.
- Cutrual policy suggests PSB encourages inclusivity but also encourages a 'national culture'
- This links to Rethian origins but develops into a global framework and a debate on the whole concept of 'national television' v 'global television'.
1) Who are the targeted audience for BBC radio 1? What are their expectations of the breakfast show?
The target audience are people between the ages of 15-29 years old. (Young audience). Audiences expect high quality content that spreds across a range of genres. Breakfast show should be aired between a certain time (7:00am - 10:30am)
2) Radio 1 breakfast show: times, presenter, audience figures and regular features?
Times 210 minutes between (7:00am-10:30am), Presenter greg James, audience figures 7.54m, regular figures mix of music and interviews with celeb guests.
3) How can audiences access the breakfast show, both during and after airing?
BBC iplayer, radio.
4) What is BBC radio 1's remit?
To entertain and engage a broad range of young listeners with distinctive mix of contemporary music and speech.
5) Which other breakfast shows are its biggest competition?
Radio 2, Radio 4, Heart
Friday 28th February 2025.
Socials:
The Radio 1 socials mainly focus more on serious news content then other less serious news such as celebrities but tik tok have more funny content showing they are being aimed at more of a younger audience and is trying to attract them by using well know celebrities using them for interviews and fun games.
Friday 07th March 2025.
Maintaining audiences:
- Radio 1 breakfast show's audience reasonably steady after Greg james took over Nick grimshaw in 2018.
- The most recent figures were 4.3m, which suggests a slight dip in popularity.
- The most recent data shows most people listen on catch-up or on-demand services.
- To boost listeners they talk more about national live events.
- BBC sound continues to increase in popularity.
- BBC is offering more things to keep listeners.
- PSB stations has the fundings to offer things that commercial stations can't.
Categorising audiences:
- Audiences are categorised and measured by radio joint audience research (RAJAR)
- RAJAR is jointly owned by BBC and radiocente on behalf of the commercial sector.
- The BBC aims to produce content appropriate for a diverse range of young audiences.
- They reflect this through there choice of playlist/presenters.
- BBC radio 1 has a particular remit for younger people.
Audience figures:
- RAJAR announced 51 million adults or 88% of the adult (15+) UK population tuned into their selected radio stations each week in the third quarter of 2024. On average, a listener tunes into 20.5 hours of live radio per week.
- 78% of the population tune in to digital radio every week.
- 74% of weekly listening hours are consumed digitally, 28% are listened to online.
- 62% of listeners listen at home, 59% listen in a vehicle and 18% work/elsewhere.
- 63% of smart speaker users use it for listening to the radio.
BBC radio 1 strategise to focus on its younger audience exclusively, is proving a success. The station made an effort back in 2015 to focus on its key, younger audience of 15-29 year olds and in their own words to 'play the best new music and support emerging talent".
They want to make sure that there news is aimed and interests people in between the age of 15-29 years old. Christmas day they did a Tik Tok take over because the main users of Tik tok are ages 15+.
Gregg James had mentioned how for his breakfast show he wants to make sure the audience will stay interested and happy so early in the morning and mentions that after 5:30 he wants everyone to stay laughing and happy so the audience can have the same reaction.
- People aged between 15-24 are less likely to listen to live radio than other audience age groupings.
- The show has a theme tune. Seen as "warm and inclusive, mischievous and brooding" mode of adress. Inclusiveness and diversity as potentially lacking.
- Big imaging (imaging means the audio signifiers). The show has a 'confident' but 'big' feel reflecting the BBC as institution.
- The programme has audience on the phone allowing them to choose tracks and occasionally allows them to think they are producing a segment. The informal presentational style and "chatting with your mates" allows the audience to feel as if they are part of a group.
Monday 24th March 2025.
Animal crossing.
Nintendo over the years:
- First 70 years they were a card company
- Focused on children and family
- 1902 started selling first western playing cards
- 1953 first company to mass produce cards
- 1958 first company to create disney playing cards
- 1960s started creating toys
- 1977 started tv games
- 1980s created a gaming watch also expand outside japan
- 1983 started a family console
- 1989 created the game boy
- Created Pokémon for game boy
- Nintendo game cube selling
- Nintendo DS
- 2006 WII
- 2011 Nintendo 3DS
- 2012 WII U
- 2017 Nintendo switch
- 2018 started online service
- 2019 Opened a Nintendo store
- 2021 Nintendo world opened
- 2023 created super Mario movie (diversification)
Economics of nintendo:
- Cheaper to produce
- Much more profitable
- Nintendo makes money because of the hand held devices
- Nintendo switch is 2nd best in being sold
- Nintendo appeals to different audience because of their family friendly games
- Nintendo opened a 'world' at universal japan with characters to meet such as Mario
Nintendo had first started off as a card company and had continued to sell cards for the next 70 years doing collabs with bigger companys such as disney. In 1960s they had started to create and sell toys along with trial and error of other products but the toys were the product that had worked out best, around 17 years later in 1977 they had started selling TV games aimed at family's so they could all sit together spending quality time. They then expanded on from the TV games because they had realised how well it was doing and decided to also expand outside of Japan. For the next couple years they continued to create more and more games and consoles which were selling well. One of Nintendos best selling products was the game boy. They had also decided to create movies and stores. Nintendo is a PLC/LTD. Their organisational structure is a matrix structure.
Animal crossing developments:
Animal crossing had updated the designs allowing them to look more 3D, they have also stared online games with the Nintendo switch allowing people to play the game together. They have different events on that last through a certain amount of days such as 'bunny day' put on over easter on the game where the island is decorated with easter eggs and other things. Games are marketed through paid partnership.
Animal crossing was realesed during a global pandemic and was a new game people were able to try out and see what it was like, they had also created ads in shops.
Friday 28th March 2025.
Animal crossing.
How are games regulated? Who are they regulated for?
Age ratings:
Entertainment software rating board (ESRB) in the United states.
Pan European game information (PEGI) in Europe.
Computer entertainment rating organisation (CERO) in Japan.
These organisations evaluate the content of games and assign appropriate age ratings.
Content restrictions:
Different countries have different age ratings regarding what can be depicted or discussed in video games. For example, Animal-crossing is a family friendly audience having young players so they make sure their is no violence, sexual content, or other materials that may be deemed inappropriate or offensive in certain culture or legal contexts.
Cultural sensitivities:
Certain elements of the game, such as character designs, dialogue, or events, may be adapted or modified to align with local culture values or avoid potential controversies.
Online interactions:
Animal-crossing offer a multi-player allowing players to meet new people or play with friends/family.
Local laws and regulation:
Animal-crossing, like any other form of media, must comply with local laws and regulations regarding copyright, consumer protection, privacy and other legal considerations.
Animal-crossing has parental restrictions on their game allowing the parent to have more control and be able to stop their child from sharing personal information or accepting friend request from people they don't know. You are also able to block users so you know they will not be able to contact you or you're child.
Monday 31st march 2025.
Animal crossing.
Due to animal crossings universal appeal and low age rating, there is a huge scope for merchandising opportunities, from soft plush toys to lunchbox items, branded headphones, comics, playing cards and even licensing for games such as monopoly: Animal crossing new horizons addition.
The producers have also considered ways to capitalise on social and cultural trends. Some games allow the audience to buy skins or texture packs but animal crossing allows personalisation and customisation.
This links to the importance of fandom as a social context and how game producers have to respond to audiences to ensure a loyal fan base.
https://www.cbr.com/animal-crossing-new-horizons-studios-brands-marketing/
- Full game walkthrough
- A guide video explaining what animal crossing is (Posted by Nintendo of america)
- 10 must know tips about the game
- Creating fantasy lands
- Beginners guide to animal crossing
- Showing things you can and cant do
- Seeing if you can get kicked off
Through the videos viewed we can see that the audience make videos of themselfs playing the game to help new or other players have an understanding of what is happening or they will give tips that can help them throughout the game. Others will see if they can be kicked off islands or if other things can happen if they do something wrong.
Gauntlet: identity
Gauntlet can be applied to animal crossing new horizons because of the option to personalise your character with eye colour, skin colour, hair colour and even clothes allowing the audience to make their character to look identical to them so it feels as if they are in the game and feels more personal.
Jenkins: Fandom
Jenkins fandom can be seen through the videos created and how fans of the game will post on how they play or how to play. It can also be shown on how most the animal crossing new horizon players have played the older versions of animal crossing and they are fans of the game. This shows patriarchy culture because they are able to create their own content and media.
Shirky: End of audience
Animal crossing context:
Economic-
- Development and distribution of games
- Nintendo oligopoly and differences
- Vertical/horizontal integration
- Formatting/risk/synergy
- Marketing: use of social media/fandom/cross-media collaborations
- Digitalisation and proliferation of technology
- Profitable without micro transactions (download content, merch and licensing)
Social:
- Passive and active audiences/preferred, negotiated and oppositional readings
- Impact of covid/lockdown
- Fandom/participatory culture
- Community and social interaction
- Self-expression and creativity
- Online communities and sharing
- Real-life events and seasonality
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