- Wednesday 11th September 2024.
Do now:
1. industry
2. language
3. representation
4. audience
5. Social, political, cultural, historic and economic.
Newspapers of today:
Some of the news papers are political and will talk about the PM and the presidents taking a more formal side to things, this is shown through the pictures used and the text for example the picture above shows a happy family but the text bellow it is talking about how a royal had completed chemotherapy. The other news papers will show a more lighter and happy side of things such as joking about the new "marriage" in a tv show and it will be less important news.
Tabloid newspaper: Tabloid journalism is a popular style of largely sensationalist journalism which takes its name from the tabloid newspaper format: a small-sized newspaper also known as half broadsheet.
Mid market tabloids: Mid market tabloids or middle market dailies are newspapers that include publications such as The Daily Express and The Daily Mail. They may include some conventions of both tabloid or broadsheet and tend to reflect a mid-point between the two genres.
Broadsheet newspaper: A Broadsheet usually refers to large sheets of paper designed with columns which comprise a standard format newspaper. A broadsheet follows a formalised journalistic approach to news coverage with a serious editorial voice and in-depth news stories.
The audience is older people who may be a pensioner, they have aimed it at this audience to make them mad a labour trying to show them that they are also enraged at what is happening.
Thursday 12th September 2024.
Purpose and Process
Do now:
1. Tabloid is a small sized newspaper with large images on the cover. (The sun)
2. Mid market newspaper has signs of both a tabloid and a broadsheet newspaper. (Daily mail)
3. A broadsheet newspaper is a larger newspaper and they follow more political news. (guardian)
4. Barthes semiology
5. Neale and genre
Purpose: To inform in some way.
Production:
News papers are expensive because they require a large amount of material and the require many highly trained staff. Technology has changed this as they can now print in colour we can also get the story from the internet/satellite.
Distribution:
They are expensive because they have to be physically transported and they need to be delivered early hours of the morning. They could lessen the cost of this by printing newspapers locally, putting it online and doing free newspapers such as the Metro.
Marketing:
They promote there papers by advertising on the tv, social media and sister papers. Having exclusive interviews with people, having a synergy deals with other companies.
Circulation:
The number of copies distributed not sold.
Ownership:
The guardian is owned by the scott trust limited
The daily mail is owned by general trust
The 3 types of newspaper ownership models are Media barons, Trusts and Cross-media.
Newspaper ownership in the UK has become increasingly concentrated, and therefore less diverse as the industry is run by just 7 companies.
Economic models and funding:
How do you think the newspapers make money?
- Advertising and synergy deals/ sponsorships.
- Memberships
What problems is the newspaper industry facing?
- They now have the competition of all news being put online for free so less people are buying newspapers (internet)
- Not as popular
- Fake news
How are they tackling this?
- Cutting costs
- Social media accounts
Technological developments:
Since 1980s, rapid development of hardware, software and converged devices has significantly changed the relationship between owners and their audiences.
1980s effects on owners from computers and printers:
In 1980 it was rare and most people would of never seen one in real life and even large organisations might only have one single computer. Process of writing copy and art direction quicker, owners control production and distribution on a mass scale.
In 1980 it was rare and most people would of never seen one in real life and even large organisations might only have one single computer. Process of writing copy and art direction quicker, owners control production and distribution on a mass scale.
1990s:
Growing availability of information leads to greater competition for owners. Audiences have more control of information they receive from a greater range of sources.
2000s:
Owners no longer in control of production and distribution of news, owners no longer in control of information circulated, audiences able to create, share and distribute own news, audiences can access information anywhere.
Wednesday 25th September 2024.
Print news regulation.
Do now:
1. what is historical context?
Historical context is the history behind the media.
Historical context is the history behind the media.
News has changed over time and stopped being as paper based as it used to and they now mainly use internet e.g. social platforms.
2. what is political context?
Political arguments at the time. Every news is diffrent some will focus on the political stuff going on.
3. what is economic context?
money, overtime the news has spent less money on producing there news as they dont all print on paper.
4. what is social context?
The social media
5. what is cutrual context?
The culture it was set in at the time
L/O: To explore issues of regulation of printed news.
Questions:
What is regulation?
The company choosing the news to regulate and show on the papers and what news to hide e.g. hiding the graphic context behind the incident.
What the arguments for regulation of the news?
Protects the citizens and younger audiences from seeing graphic and upsetting context that could scare them.
What are the arguments against regulation of the news?
Showing the graphic context to the audience will show them what is going on making them socially aware.
Regulation controls how an industry is run and how people behave. There are two main arguments for and against the regulation of printed press.
For: Too much political power and influence over the british public.
Against: Freedom of speech, democracy.
Regulation is concerned by news content and information printed by the press, ownership and competition law.
As a result of the Leveson inquiry two new regulatory bodies were established:
- Inderpendent press standards organisation (IPSO)
- Inderpendent monitor for the press (IMPRESS)
Inderpendent press standards organisation is not seen to fulfil Levinsons requirements, so doesn't have an official regulatory status. In its role, it:
- Hold newspapers to account
- Protects the right to the individual
- Upholds standards of journalism
- Maintains freedom of expression for the press
Inderpendent monitor for the press became a Levinson compliant regulator in 2016, they were also funded by the IPRT this means that it is commercially inderpendent from the news industry and not compromised by the funding system. The editors see this as the government seeing it as a way to control the freedom of the press.
Ownership and competition laws
- Regulated by the communications act 2003
- Enterprise act 2002 enables intervention by the government if a cross-media raises concerns.
- Prevents the medias voice from having too much influence
Curran and seaton- Power is owned by small number of organisations, they also say that patterns of ownership and control are important in how the media functions.
Hesmondhalgh- Big names make more money e.g. barbie film. Companies will rely on repetition to minimise risk and cover failure.
Livingstone and lunt- Regulation is put at risk because the increasing globalised media indusries.
Thursday 26th September 2024
Regulation and theory.
Do now:
1. What is the regulatory body for newspapers?
IPSO
2. What is the alternative?
IMPRESS
3. What inquiry changed newspapers?
Leveson
4. What is Barthes theory?
Semiology and signs
5. What political allegiance is the daily mail and guardian?
L/O: To explore theories of regulation of the printed news.
Industry:
Curran and seaton:
Curran and seaton believe that there are pattens in ownership and control that are important in how the media will function. They think that media industries aim to increase concentration of ownership and that will lead to narrowing of opinions represented in the press. News is still controlled by powerful news organisations, who have successfully defended their oligarchy.
Daily mail print news-
-Daily mail have historical ownership of paper by Rothermere family since 1896.
- Daily mails online news paper (Mail online) has posted an increase of revenue of £93mil in 2017.
The guardian-print news-
- Historical ownership of paper by scott trust ensures ownership and control do not affect journalistic values.
- Aim to provide a voice from different perspectives
- GMG need to make profit to survive the scotts trust separate.
Hesmondhalgh:
Cultural industries:
Hesmondhalgh believes that big names will make more profit and things that the media count as "public goods" If they dont use big names they could make less money then they expected high production costs, low reproduction costs. Industries rely on repetition through big actors, genres, franchises and repeatable narratives.
Daily mail print news-
- DMGT as parent company to DMG media allows Rothermere family to integrate a number of outlets and services.
- Increasing digital outlets and reducing printing plants.
- The Mail online enables global distribution and circulation extending DMGTs reach.
The guardian-print-
- Has struggled to survive in a competitive market dominated by a few global conglomerates
- The online version means that news can be accessed and haas increased their share in the market.
Livingstone and Lunt:
Regulation:
Livingstone and Lunt believes that consumers are inderviuals who will seek private benefits from the media and require regulation to protect them. Traditional regulation is being put at risk because the increase in globalised media industries and the rise of digital media.
Daily mail print-
-They are a member of IPSO and have had 17 cases bought against them in respect of claims of inaccuracy.
- They have loads of entertainment gossip driven news leads to individuals needing protection from online news content.
1) summerise the theory
2) point a of theory applied to mail or guardian.
3) point b of theory applied to mail or guardian.
4) point c of theory applied to mail or guardian.
5) conclusion.
Hesmondhalgh believes that big actors and genres will bring in more profit to production, if they weren't to use things that the media calls 'public goods' they would end up lossing money and not gaining what they were hoping and they would be spending more money on the production costs but will then lose money if they dont use any 'public goods'.
When applying this to the guardian we are able to see that they will struggle more this is due to the fact that the daily mail is on more of a global scale and well known meaning they will have more of an audience. The guardian also have an online paper that people can view using any form of technology because of this being more accessible and more people are able to use it because its free to look at it has increased their share in the market.
Using the same theorist and applying it to The daily mail there is a better outcome because they have more of an audience and more money to keep production of their news papers. (NOT FINISHED)
In conclusion things such as the 'public goods' can be helpful when producing a news paper but only if you have the money and a big audience to get such things like 'public goods' in your newspaper but if not then you wont have a fair share of the market.
Wednesday 2nd October 2024.
Print news.
L/O- To explore the economic factors which influence print news.
Do now-
1. Capitalism increases concentrated ownership in the media
2. Big actors and names = profit of production and risk is seen as a loss
3. Regulation is needed to protect the public
4. Leveson inquiry
5. IPSO IMPRESS
10 marks= 17 mins
- Economic context
- Commercial non-profit
- Distribution of news papers
- Daily mail and Guardian
- Talk about ownership
- Non profit/ commercial funding
- Online transition (money)
- Saving money
- How they cut costs
- Subscription/ Donation
- Statstics
The economic context for Newspapers vary, firstly Newspapers aren't as popular as they used to be and the companies are seeing less sales, this can risk the business losing out on money. However, big Newspaper brands are still bought in spite of the popularity and will follow trends like creating away to access the news papers online. The daily mail are one of the many Newspaper companies that had done this and to reduce risk of losing profit they had shut down some of there printing factories as it is believed that most of the news companies will be network and online. In 2017 the daily mail were making a profit of £77 million and 8.5 million in print readership both of these numbers were the same as the previous year showing that they had hardly made profit in the space of a year. By the daily mail using online resources such as social media pages or having a website can help them spread the news to there audience quicker this is because after they have typed it up or created a video it will be uploaded within a hour as when they are printing and distributing them it will take longer to reach there audience. The increase of online readers has gone up as there are now 7.7 million online readers and 22.7 million mobile readers.
In comparison the economic contexts for the Guardian are similar to the daily mail they also produce there news online while still printing but they had also seen a decline in circulation meaning less and less of there newspapers were being read and they were earning less money from print sales, to fix this the guardian had reduced the printing cost by reducing the size of the newspaper they were printing it on. The guardian will receive there money from philanthropy, from rich individuals such as bill gates this is because they will donate money towards the newspaper. They have seen a big increase on there online pages over the recent years 7.8 mil desktop, 3.1 mil tablet and 15.8 mil mobile.
(not finished the guardian)
I feel i will be working at level 2, mark band 4-6
Thursday 3rd October 2024.
Case studies.
L/O: To investigate the ownership, funding, regulation, values and ideologies of the set products. To apply critical theory to the set texts.
Do now:
1. what is commercial funding?
Aim to make a profit
2. what is not for profit funding?
Aim is journalism not profit
3. how is the daily mail funded?
From DMGT and advertising
4. how is the guardian funding?
Scotts trust
5. what is the context that is being addressed in the question last lesson?
Economic
Daily mail-
The daily mail is the second biggest selling newspaper in the UK. The daily mail publishes once a week on a Sunday and as of February 2020 they have an average daily circulation of 1,134,184 copies. The first edition of the paper was printed in broadsheet format on 4th may 1896. The daily mail began to print headlines and news stories on the front page from 4th September 1939, which coincided with the outbreak of the second world war. The front cover was originally used for advertisement to help towards the cost of producing. The online trust and funding is DMGT/ the Rothermen family. Advertising costs 3000- 3,000,000, the sales figures over the last 5 years have been 77 million. The online options thee daily mail has is MailOnline and daily mail online. In 3003 the daily mail had started there first online version of the newspaper.
The Guardian-
History of paper: The guardian was founded by john Edward Taylor in 1821 and was first published on the 5th of may that year.
Wednesday 9th October 2024.
Case studies.
L/O: To research the ownership, funding, regulation, values and ideologies of the set products.
The daily mail:
Ownership- The daily mail was published by the DMG media and manages a multinational portfolio. Viscount rothermere is the controlling shareholder.
Funding and revenue- The main source of funding for the daily mail is the circulation sales and the advertisements they show in there papers. There colour display adverts cost £181 per single colour cm. They have had an increased profit from MailOnline brand, they have increased the price of the paper from 60p to 70p.
Tech developments- Daily mail has been known to recognise and adopt new technologies, they state that they reach 70% of the UKs population.
News values and bias- The daily mail are likely to prioritise negativity, threshold, personalisation. The daily mail has been historically known to be right-wing.
Regulation- The daily mail are paying members of IPSO and the use of hyperbole can lead to complaints. Between the years 2016-2018, IPSO investigated 17 cases bought against the mail. Most of the daily mails apologies are printed onto page 2.
The guardian:
Ownership- The guardian is published by GMG and are owned by the scott trust which was set up to protect the paper from one single owner. They also state that their news values of honest, fair, liberal, investigative journalism.
Funding and revenue- The main source of funding for the guardian is circulation and advertising and 2.8% of market share even though circulation figures have dropped. There colour display adverts cost £90 per single column cm. They have figured out a way to develop alternative funding and revenue streams: Donations, The Scott trust, reducing production costs.
Tech developments- The guardian have responded with online issues, app and tablet edition. They also hold the 3rd largest share of combined online and print circulation.
News value and Bias- The guardian are likely to prioritize composition over negativity, threshold, personalisation to reflect liberal, progressive and balanced approach. There editor states that they need to report on different cultures, perspectives and community services. The guardian and also historically known to be liberal.
Regulation: The guardian have opted out of both Ipso and IMPRESS as claims both impact the freedom of the press and investigative journalism.
Cultrual context is the cultral preferences to online news.
Thursday 10th October 2024.
Case studies and industry theory.
L/O: To explore how industry theory can be applied to the ownership, funding and regulation in the set products.
Do now:
1) What market shares does DM have?
25%
2) What market share does the G have
2.8%
3) What news values do the DM prioritise?
Negativity
4)What news values do the G prioritise?
Composition over negativity
5)Who regulates the DM and the G?
IPSO/Readers editor
Explain how the cutrual context of how the news is produced influences the context offered to audiences.
The cutrual context of the news changes over time, around the world most news agencys will focus on the big story at the time as they know it is what people will want to hear about but after a certain topic stops getting the attention it used to the news agencies will stop doing reports on that subject. Where the news is presented is also changed this is because in the early 2000 people would read through the news papers and buy them from there local shop as now most people would want to see their news online or on social media. Each place around the world will always present similar news but in a different light, Britain is known to show the more violent things going on in different countries and the wars that have started, this will be there main focus, as of other countries might not show the violent side to other countries and focus and produce news about things in there own country. However, because of regulations about what can and cant be shown or told on the news britans newspapers dont show the amount of violence going on and they will only show and say things that fit into the regulations but other countries may not have this and will show the gory pictures in the news and will say the whole truth about what is going on. It is only different because it all depends on what the higher power deem safe or not to show on the news but because of the advances in technology people are now able to view news from other countries on social media platforms ones that might not be shown in there news. Due to the advances in tech now people are able to view the news from other countries on social media platforms/ online and will be able to see the difference in how they report things. Concentrated news owne
The cutrual context of the news changes over time, around the world most news agencys will focus on the big story at the time as they know it is what people will want to hear about but after a certain topic stops getting the attention it used to the news agencies will stop doing reports on that subject. Each place around the world will always present similar news but in a different light, Britain is known to show the more violent things going on in different countries and the wars that have started, this will be there main focus, as of other countries might not show the violent side to other countries and focus and produce news about things in there own country. However, because of regulations about what can and cant be shown or told on the news britans newspapers dont show the amount of violence going on and they will only show and say things that fit into the regulations but other countries may not have this and will show the gory pictures in the news and will say the whole truth about what is going on. It is only different because it all depends on what the higher power deem safe or not to show on the news but because of the advances in technology people are now able to view news from other countries on social media platforms ones that might not be shown in there news. Due to the advances in tech now people are able to view the news from other countries on social media platforms/ online and will be able to see the difference in how they report things.
Where the news is presented is also changed this is because in the early 2000 people would read through the news papers and buy them from there local shop as now most people would want to see their news online or on social media. The increase of consumerism means that the online marketing for news papers is more accepted, they will earn their money through the online version because of pop up adverts and having things such as memberships. For example the daily mail will now charge people money if they reject the cookies that pop up when you first go onto their website. The guardian will make their money through donations.
Concentrated news ownership supports a one dimensional view of british culture through news. The daily mail will support cultural context through its ownership model DMG.
The daily mail shows political bias in this because the right wing are known not to like immigrants so they have made it the main story and put it in bold caps to show how they disagree with it. They are discussing how the numbers of immigrants are breaking numbers and at the highest it has ever seen and they believe that it is the most important thing to talk about putting it on the main page. Next to the main title they have also started talking about Jamie oliver a celebrity chef which they also think is one on the most important things to talk about but it is also a way to get people to buy there newspapers because they put a well known celebrity that people might be fans of that will then grab there attention making them want to buy and read.
This shows patterns of ownership and control because they copy the same lay out for all there newspaper covers with there name in bold at the top and then there main story in bold letters in the middle of the page, They also have an advert at the top of there page showing that they care about there profit and expense.
We can see what hesmondhalgh talks about when they say about cutral industries because on the daily mails front cover there main focus is british news and there is no more
red- curran and seaton
blue- hesmondhalgh
Wednesday 16th October 2024.
Target Audience.
L/O: To investigate audiences of printed news and audience appeal.
Do Now:
1. who said "Production is owned and controlled by a few conglomerates"
Hesmondhalgh
2. Who said 'Leads to narrowing of options represented in the press, affecting plurality'
Curran and Seaton
3. Who said 'Consumers are individuals who seek private benefits from the media'
Livingstone and lunt
4. what is cutrual context?
The situation in place and time of the context
5. Give one cutrual context for newspapers:
Online news over printed news
Audience profiling can be done with Demographics, Psychometrics and Type: Mass or niche
Demographics-
The daily mails average age of its readers was 58 and woman make up 59% of the readers. 63% of there readers are upper class
The guardians readers are above 50% male and 50% female, their readers average age is 55+ and 75% are Upper class, they are usually explores, reformers and succeeders.
Psychometrics-
Hobbies/Interests-
Issues they would be aware of-
The daily mail news paper has been known for its coverage of foreign news.
What they do with their disposable income-
How they access media-
Films/Docs/Magazines/Music/Sites they like-
Types of stories that would appeal to them-
The power elite: The value of power elite is shown in this because the sun has put simon cowell and ronaldo on the front cover on the magazine suggesting that Simon is a powerful person and they think that it's the most important news. Putin and liz trust has also been put on the front cover showing even more about the power elite.
Good news: There is also shown good news because it talks about simon's life being saved which some people will see as good news.
Celebrity: The celebrity news would be ronaldo because he's a famous footballer that is known worldwide.
The layout of this daily mail newspaper shows bad news because the first the people are going to look at is 'russia is plotting mayhem in Britain' this news may worry or scare some of the readers but they have used a bold font because they wanted to catch the readers eyes and wanted this to be the first thing that is seen, it is also the headline for the paper.
They have mail used black and blue colours on the front cover because these are the main colours for their business and the colours that are associated with the daily mail. They have also used a red colour on the other cover line trying to make it stand out as well.
The power elite is shown in the headline of the newspaper because it talks about the war between israel and palestine and both of these contries are powerful. It is also showing bad news because it is talking about the ongoing war that is still happening and this may upset many of their audiences who are reading.
They have spoke about relevant things in the newspaper because the war that is happening and have made in there main story.
Thursday 17th October 2024.
Target audience.
L/O: To explore audience theory. To apply audience theory to Newspaper examples.
Do Now:
1. What are audience demographics?
The gender/age/location of audience.
2.What are audience psychometrics?
The interests of the audience.
3.Explain of Harcup and Oneil's news values.
Good news- positive overtones
4.Explain of Harcup and Oneil's news values.
Follow-up- Stories about subjects already in the news.
5.Explain of Harcup and Oneils's news values.
Celebrity- News about a famous person.
Bandura talks about how the media will influence people into feeling certain ways about things. Through news, social media.
Gerbener- Talks about repetition of negative media.
Bandura- At the top of the paper their is an advert about their online version influencing people to go and look at the news through social media.
Gerbener- Gerbener talks about the 'mean world syndrome' talking about how news will make something negative, on this news paper they talk about the migrant crisis and saying how its out of control making it worse than it is and making the readers believe that it's a massive problem.
Hall:
Dominant reading- accepts the preferred meaning and ideological meaning.
Negotiated reading- some of the decoded message is accepted but the audience disagrees with parts of it and so changes it to fit their experience and values.
Oppositional reading- both the preferred meaning and any ideological assumptions encoded in the product are rejected.
Negotiated reading- They need to change the conditions of the camp but should keep them their.
Oppositional reading- Nothing needs to change and its fine the way it is.
Bandura-
Hall-
Gerber- The guardian show negative news as they are talking about US weapons are warning to israel over gaza aid, talking about the ongoing war.
Bandura-
Hall-
Wednesday 6th November 2024.
Genre codes and conventions.
Do now:
1. Audiences imitate behaviour they have seen - Bandura
2. Media can create mean world syndrome - Gerbener
3. Dominate, negotiated, oppositional - Hall's 3 readings
4. Right wing older - Daily mail
5. Left wing - Guardian
Gerbener 'mean world syndrome' theory is about the effect media and news can have on people and how negative news can make them feel sad and down. Gerbener's theory states that society views on issues like crime and violence happens because of the things viewed on the news/media. Daily mails newspaper on the 6th November 2024 applies to this because they talk about how trump has the chances of winning the election, they also mention that it causes concerns of unrest. This could cause people to become upset by the fact trump has a chance of getting in and could cause people to get upset and mad sparking fear in the voters in america and around the word about the political changes that could happen because of the way the newspaper is laying it out and talking about the subject. It doesn't matter if the people are left wing or right wing because both will just be as scared for changes.
Codes-
Codes are a complex system of signs that create meaning, these can be divided into two categories
Technical- Camerawork, editing and MES.
Symbolic- The meaning communicated through the technical elements.
Conventions-
The generally accepted way of doing something.
Side-
Tabloid- small
Broadsheet- larger
Lexis-
Tabloid- Informal(slang/swearing)
Broadsheet- Formal(sophisticated)
Mode of adress-
Tabloid- Direct address
Broadsheet- Formal
Headline size-
Tabloid- Very large, takes up most of the page
Broadsheet- Small and detailed
Image to text ratio-
Tabloid- More but larger images and fewer writing
Broadsheet- Much more text
Barthes theory talks about denotations, connotations, myths.
In left wing papers such as daily mirror, we can see that they have more images on the front page then text, they have used the text "pray for victory.. brace for chaos" emphasizing the political polotics. They show more of harris and talk more about trump raising hell then they talk bout the polls. (got confused)
Soft news is gossipy/ entertainment
Hard news is a political news
6/11- Some good points here T: 1. You need to ensure that you then cover the other elements of the theory.
2. You need to apply the element of the theory you are covering to both newspapers.
2. You need to apply the element of the theory you are covering to both newspapers.
Dual convergence is when genres borrow conventions from another in the use of media language and so increasingly resemble one another.
Tabloidisation- the distinctions between the two genres are getting increasingly blurred.
Neale genre theory;
1. Genres change or decline in popularity.
2. There is a process through which generic codes an conventions are shared by producers and audiences through the repetition of conventions in media by products.
3. Genres aren't fixed but are constantly evolving; they can become hybrids, playing with genre codes and conventions from other genre.
Thursday 7th November 2024.
Media language.
L/O: To explore the terminology of media language and codes & conventions in print news.
Do now:
1. A tabloid newspaper is a small paper that has more informal newspaper being more entertaining, soft news stories.
2. A broadsheet newspaper is a larger newspaper with more of a political view on things, hard news stories.
3. Technical elements is camera work, editing and MES.
4. Symbolic elements is the meaning communicated through the technical elements.
5. Neales theory talks about genre.
Masthead- The times masthead symbolises the British community and showing their center right wing by having the queens crown in the logo. We can also see a poppy flower next to the release date tis is because it is getting close to remberance day.
The masthead follows the tradition for the genre of a broadsheet, they use a serif font which is what they traditionally use for all their newspapers. The guardian used more of a tabloid style and block colours in the skybox- blue is the contrast of the tabloid. The traditional colours for the guardian is blue and white this shows the modern age of newspapers and how they can now use colours this reflects modern liberal views. The font for the guardian has been kept traditional to show they are trust worthy views and they are reliable based on the 4th estate, showing the true things that are happening around the world. The main image is the king of spain visiting the area that had been flood where he had been attacked and verbally abused because the people believe that he didn't help them enough, the image taken shows the guardian believes the same thing and thinks he could've helped out more then he did and this is shown through the angle taken as it is a higher up angle and showing the king is bellow them. This also shows how the guardian is with the people of spain and not just following people who are higher up.
Layout- The layout of this newspaper has Trump as the main focus as he is the first thing to catch the audiences eyes, they then have small printed writing around the outside and the Masthead and headline on top.
Subheading- The times have chosen to have two subheading for their newspaper one saying 'Victor returning to White House more powerful than ever', 'World braced for radical agenda on migration and trade' this applies to 'mean world syndrome' because they are saying how the world will need to brace themselfs because trump is back in as president, this could make some of the audiences fear as well as some of them rage in anger of what has happened.
Headline- The times headline says 'Trump promises golden age after sweeping Harris aside' this is different to the subheading and is talking about trump promising golden age putting hope into some of the audiences and making them believe that he will make america great.
Main image- The main image seen on the front cover is a mid shot of trump pointing toward the camera and looking at it using direct adress making it look like he is pointing towards his audiences smiling, this main image is very similar to the old 'WE NEED YOU' posters recruiting people for world war 1 this could be a way trump is pointing to get people to put their votes through. When the image was taken he was saying 'To every citizen... here is my promise:i will fight for you, for your family and your future".
Thursday 14th November 2024.
L/O: To analyse the impact of media language and codes and conventions in set products.
Do now :
1. What is a newspaper puff?
The circle shape sticker image on the cover.
2. What is a newspaper stand first?
The first paragraph of the article.
3. What the sky box?
The large section at the top in the box.
4. What is the masthead?
The title.
5. What is the headline?
The title of the main news story.
The daily mail has hybridised this tabloid newspaper by using soft and hard news, "The POMP and the PYGMY" is making light on the situation and trying to make it unserious, it also an un formal way to talk about the political leaders.
The masthead for Daily mail is similar to all the Daily mails news paper and they use the same font to make it stand out and making sure it is the first thing the audience looks at. The genre of the masthead also follows the broadsheet. The logo for the Daily mail is traditional and stays the same every time with the lion, unicorn, shield and crown representing Britain in the newspaper. They stay with the usual black and white colours which is traditional for newspapers. The images they use show the historical british values through the monarchy being the main image it also shows tradition because of the crown being shown in the logo showing the trust worthy king as the main image. We can tell that the daily mail is a right wing news paper through the images used and the fact they are a hard newspaper meaning they talk from more of a political point of view and they a formal with the writing. The use of the skyline breaks the traditional colours as its a hot pink colour when usually they only use black and white colours.
Levi-strauss structuralism theory:
. Binary opposition (night-day)
. Ideologies/myths
Wednesday 27th November 2024.
Print news: Representation.
L/O: To explore the constructions of representations in papers and the impact of contexts on these representations.
Do now:
1. Q2 is structured by using the bullet points in the question.
2. Balldirllard covers modernism.
3. Hyperreality is a simulation that is more real then life.
4. Simulacra is the copy of the real.
5. Genre is tabloid and broadsheet, broadsheet.
Representation-
Within a society, there is a dominant group (DG) that will hold positions of power within social institutions or owns the production of cutrual products such as news.
General members of this group have these following characteristics:
- Middle-age
- Male
- Middle class
- White
- Capitalist
-Christian
-Heterosexual
-Able-bodied
-Western
-University educated
Individuals who do not fit into the characteristics of the dominant group they would be classed as being from a subordinate group. White British working class women would fall into the dominant ethnic group but the subordinate class and gender group. The dominant group tends to include people who construct the representations in a news content. The representation of other social group, positively or negatively, helps maintain the social position of the dominant group.
Dominate ideology is shown in this cover as they negatively represnt the opposite group and the inderviduals do not fit in the charactristics.
Contexts-
Ownership- Media barons and Journalists
Economic factors- Capitalism and newspaper genre
News values and political bias- Genre, Target audience and Political agenda
Regulation- Free press and Self-regulation
Regulation influences the representations we see in todays news and social media because people with higher up authority will decide what can and cannot be shown in the county.
Selection-
Gatekeeping will depend on the appeal to the target audience and how the stories can be shaped to reflect a particular political agenda or viewpoints. This process also includes de-selection which social groups are not represented and why.
There is only one main story on the front cover of Daily star.
They have covered the story of donald trump asking hulk holgan to join hi mad-as-a-box-of-frogs government.
The social group that is shown on cover is males represented as rough and violent people. Donald trump is being represented as a baby who is fighting a man and he has been made a laughing stock.
The times have written about 3 different stories.
The main issue they have covered is "Carmaker blames EV targets as plant shuts" the other stories have been written in less of a bolder font and have been made to look less important.
The prince is the main image on the front cover and is being shown as a hero because he is training up to help in the army.
We can see a big difference between the two newspapers because daily star has been talking about problems going on in america and not locally and have taken a less serious story to write about as the main image they have used is shown a baby, the times is a more serious newspaper as they talk about the serious things happening in the uk and also around the world instead of just focusing on one story. The only similarity they have between them both is that they both lack the absense of a female and both mainly show mails as their main cover.
Thursday 28th November 2024.
Representation and theory.
L/O: To explore the use of stereotypes in representations in papers and the explore relevant representation theory.
Do now:
1. Middle aged, Western, able bodied male is some in the dominant group.
2. Economic, news bias and regulation is the context that impacts representation
3. Gatekeeping is the process through which information is filtered for dissemination.
4.The beliefs that are promoted through newspaper is what viewpoints and ideologies are.
5. The expectations of context and layout is what codes and conventions are.
Age- In the main image we can see a young audience, who are usually stereotypically known for being misbehaving and childish. However, in this picture we can see them happy and celebrating something. We can see an absence in other age groups but we can see they have focused on one group.
Gender-We can see a variety of gender in this cover but it is more dominant of women.
Ethnicity- In this cover we can see the ethnic people of Lebanon focusing on one of the current wars.
Disability-
Class- Upper class, the stories on the main cover focus on the politicians. People who work for the government are stereotypically rich and are known for having money. We can also see the middle class being spoken about in the sky box but we have an absence of other classes.
Age- They focus on an older middle aged group of people as the people mentioned in the stories are either celebrities or working in the government. We have an absence of elderly and younger group and it is showing that middle age is more important and should be the focus group.
Gender- Daily mail are usually a male dominant newspaper. However, in this case we can see how they are mentioning about women in there front and talk about mothers. When they talk about Fiona phillips they refer to her as wife making it seem as she is in his shadow and is unimportant. This morning boss is also seen putting his family first and caring for Fiona phillis but we can see that the daily mail doesn't support the stay at home dad and views it as a negative thing as its not sterotypical for a man to do that.
Ethnicity- It is usually white dominant newspaper but Kemi is an anti immigration black politician and supports the anti-immigration rules.
Disability- The Mention of disability has a lack of representation and they havent written about it much.
Realism:
Constructed realism is a way that media products use technical elements of media language to create a product that looks as if it is real but it is a version of reality and it had been constructed trough a series of choices that are made by the editor/journalist. The audience usually accept these versions are real. Constant repetition of the similar representations help these become real.
Van zoonen:
Van zoonen speaks about how women are objectified and can been seen as sexual in media representations. She speaks about the importance of gender being seen as socially and culturally constructed and as a result of this gender can vary depending on the cutrual and historical context. Van zoonen believes that on the internet their is a diverse range of ways on the internet.
Wednesday 11th December 2024.
Representation and case studies.
L/O: To analyse the constructions of representations in case studies and the impact of context on these representations.
Do now:
1. Intersectionality
2. Class, age, gender, ethnicity and disability
3. representation
4. identity in the media isn't fixed
5. masculinity and femininity
They have represented women in this paper as they need to be looked after and they need help from a man. we can see a positive representation of these dominant women trying to stand up against the GPs.
The newspaper shows they support capitalism and has a positive representation of the right wing.
'Hot assassin' acting like many women find him attractive and generally shows women as shallow.
Similar to the other front cover of the daily mail this one also shows negative representations on women. 'Ive been on PROZEC for 25 years' prozac is an anti depressant typically used by both genders but they show a picture of the lady next to it and have put it in pink. The lady in the picture next to it is the lady that said the statement but they have used the colour pink again which is stereotypically linked to females and it feels as if they are aiming this story at females.
Talks about holiday drinking but shows a women with a glass of wine representing women as a worry when they drink and that only they need to watch their weight.
Represents syria as a threat and worry to the world.
In this daily mail newspaper we can see they have a negative representation on women we can tell this because when they say 'what Christmas drinking does to your body' and next to the text they have a picture of a women with a glass of wine and have used the colour pink which is stereotypically linked to women.
Negative representation of minority groups, represents them as violent and aggressive.
The use of language 'risk, 'rebels'.
Realism: The presentation of something as if it were real and what we would expect to see in real life.
Gilroy: Ethnicity and post-colonialism
Representations support a belief in they inherent superiority of white western civilisation.
Black atlantic.
Post colonialism- superiority of white Western cultures, loss of British empire.
Cominalisation of immigrant in the media.
African, American, Caribbean, and European cultures.
This can be applied to newspapers by talking about representations of race, ethnicity and the post-colonialism world.
Thursday 12 December 2024.
Representations and case studies.
L/O: To analyse the constructions of representations in case studies and the impact of contexts on these representations.
Do now:
1. Emotive journalism
2. Negative representation of the minority groups
3. Positive representations of traditional family values
4. Gender performitiy
5. postconolisum
The guardian tend to usually be white, british and middle class meaning they are a dominant group.
The national news on this front page of the guardian is about the topic of Syria and the prime ministers. It is showing a negative representation of the prime minister and it showing as if they disagree with the budget cut of 10,000.
Another main story they talk about is the murder of Sara Sharifs 'A daily living hell' is how they described it in court showing that the guardian are showing sympathy for her and showing how what happened is wrong.
Sky box is showing diversity because 'The most gigantic gay movie in history'.
In this newspaper we are told about the young girl who was murdered by her farther and her step mother having the negative stereotype of step mothers because the 'evil step mother'
It also shows the realism that children cant always be protected and the system isn't doing its job. We can see stereotypes of her fitting the gender roles because she has a full face of make-up and long dangle earrings in this is what butler mentions in his theory. It demonises other cultures and other countries because of 'Syrian rebel leader vows to pursue tourtures.
In this main cover they focus on the story of the war going on between Israel and Syria and how they seize territory in Syria. Global news, both sides of the story have been used, skybox shows diversity.
The vodafone story of 'left store managers suicidal' is one sided story'
The main picture used on this cover shows lower class people from another country, showing different ethnicity, it shows a negative representation of them and how they are living, It shows them holding up rope that looks like it has been tied into a noose with red marks around the end showing a negative representation of them.
Wednesday 18th December 2024.
Print news Q1 practise.
L/O: To analyse the use of representations in newspapers.
In this front cover we can see sunak former prime minister standing in front of the office for the prime ministers. We can see he has a serious look on his face as if he has an important speech he is giving but the headline 'Sunak's big gamble' will make the audience think differently due to the word 'gamble' which The guardian is using to say the steps and his ideas he is making without thinking or knowing the consequences. Barthes theory fits into this as it is making the audience think on a deeper level and think of it in a different light for example the picture will make the audience think he is doing a speech on a serious issue that is happening in the UK.
They have used the usual layout for a tabloid newspaper making the front cover look bland and not stand out as much as a broadsheet would. We can clearly see that the guardian are a left wing newspaper because of the fact they are more politically focused and make rishi look like a serious person and like he knows what he's talking about. We can see that the guardians newspapers haven't changed much from the news they have focused on and they also keep the same layout as they usually do keeping it traditional. The genre convention in this tabloid is the camera angle they have used they have made rishi look smart and suitable for the role he has as prime minister and they have made him look important.
This is another tabloid newspaper but it has bigger bolder writing than the guardian because this is the traditional style that daily express use, we can also see they have the traditional knight with the English flag in the middle of the shield which is also another traditional thing for daily express. They also say 'PM' instead of using his actual name.
This tabloid newspaper is very different from the guardian as it has a completely different camera angle and layout. They have decided to take a closer up photo making rishi look a lot less serious and have taken the photo of him while he was in the middle of talking. They have also decided to go for bold writing and making the writing stand out more making it the news paper people are more then likely going to pick.
Thursday 19th December 2024.
Do Now:
1. To structure Q1 you would analyse the representations in both sources.
2. The sources used would be the newspaper covers
3. Barthes theory focuses on revealing ideological positions within media texts.
4.
5. Conclusion is something you would create at the end of the essay and it would add everything you have just explained into a shorter paragraph.
In your Q2 answer you must:
- Explain how the genre conventions of broadsheet newspapers have changed over time
- Analyse the use of genre conventions in the sources
- Make judgements and reach conclusions about how far the sources demonstrate that the genre conventions of tabloid newspapers have changed over time.
Q2= 15 marks ( 25 mins to complete the question)
Q2 written in pick above.
Wednesday 8th January 2025.
Online news.
L/O: To explore the industry, regulation and ownership of online, social and participatory news of the mail online.
Do Now:
1. Question 1 and 2 could cover analysis. Media language and representation.
2. Question 1 focuses on theory.
3. Question 2 bullet points from the question.
4. Question 1 theory, source A, source B, Source A, source B, conclusion.
5. Barthes theory is based on seminoloyy.
2. Online adverts, donations, subscriptions
3. People are able to view different news from around the world now and its cheaper/free to view and distribute. Quicker news distribution.
4. Online news is regulated differently in every county and it will make sure things are safe to post and show to the audience, if a graphic picture is going to be shown a warning will be placed over the top or it will be taken down.
Statistics-
The daily mail had first created their online version in 2003 and 3 years later have rebranded it as a different site.
Daily mail makes enough money off digital advertising so they don't have to introduce a pay wall to their viewers.
However looking at the chart we can see a downturn in revenue and we can see a drop is subscriptions from 2017-2023. By viewing the chart we can also see that from 2017-2023 2017 was one of the better years brining in more money.
Production-
The news people can view on the website is only published their and will not be printed to their newspaper bringing in more of an audience.
The daily mail are known to publish 1,500 articles daily and upload 560 videos as well to their social media platforms.
They have a mix of different news and not just keeping it local they also publish international news as well.
One of the main things daily mail focus to write about is celebrities and life style news.
Distribution-
The MailOnline distributes its news across many platforms from their website to TikTok, by doing this they reduce the cost of distributing and have more of an audience internationally.
It also enables attracting younger audience then a newspaper would.
Circulation-
Not all of MailOnline audience is from the UK, it is known that one third of the viewers are from USA and Australia. Since 2015 it has also one of the most visited English language websites.
Every month they see around 22 million viewers every month.
15 million followers on TikTok, 4 million on youtube and 14 million on snapchat.
Regulation-
MailOnline is a member of the IPSO since 2015 and this means that their viewers can complain about anything published to any of their online platforms. They have received 39 complaints against some content published and only 2 of those complaints were upheld. The journalists that work for MailOnline have the task of filtering or editing things that have been said in videos or shown in text or photos and have to make it so it fits within the regulations for them, but because of user-generated content it makes doing this difficult. Minimal impact- is because they cant publish inaccurate information because of the gossipy nature of the news sites, this could be regulated if published by journalists. Significant impact- include sharing or commeting on content is encouraged.
By looking at the opening page of MailOnline we can see they are able to distribute and create more news then if it where print and we can also see there is news from the USA as well showing they can also produce more.
Thursday 9th January 2025.
Online news.
L/O: To explore the industry, regulation and ownership of online, social and participatory news for the guardian.
Do Now:
1. Digital convergence is mixing of technology
2. IPSO
3. 66 million daily page views
4. Theory, Source A, SourceB, Source A, Source B, Conclusion.
5. Bullet points
Statistics-
The online version of the guardian was launched in 2008 which was a upgraded development from the website guardian unlimited which was launched in 1999.
The guardian is the third largest paper in the world and the online newspapers have been highly successful even though their print news isn't.
They have around 34.7 mil monthly global users and they offer there users four different platforms including desktop, mobile, tablet and on social media.
They give their users the option to subscribe to their online website from £11.99 a month with additional options to be able to access more content.
They have seen a rise in digital reader revenue by 8% with over half their viewers coming from outside the UK.
The overall revenue had seen a decrease, which reflect the market slowdown in advertising and sustained structural pressures on print.
Production-
The online paper have their values and will not advertise things that they do not agree on.
The website will offer additional features, this enables a greater range of context. Always Updated.
Distribution-
The guardian website can be viewed globally and it reduces the costs of distribution as it is free to publish onto the website. They also have a partnership deal with Yahoo in UK, USA, Australia, India and Singapore.
Circulation-
Since 2015 they have increased circulation by 25% and it has 34.7Million monthly global users, 1.15million users access the guardian by mobile or tablet.
Regulation-
Self-regulated, both online and print. Global reach of 140million online users, therefore regulation isn't always easy.
In deciding how to regulate they will decide on how serious the complaint is, the likelihood that harm could occur to the viewers, the content could be misleading.
Print and online news.
Online preferences because quicker easier to access.
Globally online.
Online news produced-
Published instantly.
Same values as paper.
More content.
Always updated.
The mail online cater to mobile and tablet by having an app that can be downloaded.
Content offered-
Quicker news.
More content.
Comment their own opinion.
Share to people.
Updated.
Accessible.
Wednesday 15th January 2025.
Audience reach.
Do now:
1) Internet
2) IPSO Readers editor
3) Global reach 2.2 MIL
4) Comments and shares
5) Breaking news updates
Terminology-
Ad-like: Is liking or clicking onto an advert on a digital website.
Click-stream: A record of a persons online activities e.g. websites visited.
Echo chambers: An envioment where a person only encounters information or opinions that reflect and reinforce their own. E.g cookies
Front door traffic: Encouraging users to view newspapers content on their website rather then another.
Daily mail-
Due to the new technologies and digital convergence enables owners to reach different segments of the market and at different times of the day.
Uk news brands have the following reach;
84% of men and women
88% of 18-34yrs old.
For social media daily mail have platforms on tik tok and instagram where they will post short stories for people to view and targeting a younger audience.
How do news brands reach different audiences using online platforms and what questions does this raise?
Daily mail uses social media platforms such as Tik Tok which allows them to reach a younger audience they would reach their older audiences by using different social media platforms such as facebook where they would post different news that the older audience would find interesting this would be shown on their social media feed due to click-streaming and echo chambers. If the person was to be interested on what had been shown they could click onto their profile allowing them to see more news. They also use Ad-like having adverts and pop-up adverts so if a person where to click onto it they would be taken to the mailonlines home page.
This would raise questions on wether the news brands are doing this to allow their audience to have knowledge on whats going on or if they are doing it for money.
From this screenshot of the home page on daily mail we are able to see Harcup's news values as their is good news such as jellycats and bad news such as the irish backpacker. We can see that the irish backpacker is one of the main stories as it takes up more room and the writing above is in a bolder font making it one of the main things people can see. We are also able to see a lot of the other news has been based around celebrities such as break ups and love islands shows, we can tell that this isn't one of their main stories but it is one of their main focuses as they know they will bring in more of an audience because people want to know what is going on in a celebrities life.
The layout of the mail online is messy and appeals more to an audience who wants never ending news because they will be able to view many different stories in a short amount of time. They always stay with the same blue colour showing that their audience will be able to know that the news is from the daily mail.
Thursday 16th January 2025.
Online news (the guardian).
Do now:
1. Ad-liking is clicking onto an advert.
2. Click stream is a record of a persons activity.
3. Front door trafficking is encouraging a viewer to stay on their news website rather then use another.
4. Echo chambers is repeated messages or values in stories that fit with the audience beliefs.
5. Online news appeals to the audience because its quick and free.
The guardian.com is accessed by over 4 million daily browsers across all platforms.
65% are aged 35+.
33% are in between ages 15-25.
They are the market leader in providing online news content across desktop and social media.
Celebrity- From the home page of the guardian and the headlines for today we can see that they fit into Harcup's news values because the news about celebrities is very limited compared to daily mail there is a lot less. We can only see on headline about a celebrity talking about Timothee being fined showing that if people wanted news about celebrities they should go onto daily mail.
Entertainment- As we can see from the front cover their is no entertainment on the front page and their is only one thing mentioned about a hollyoaks star and how they have sadly passed away showing negative news.
Bad news- Most of the stories on the headline section of the guardian is bad news due to most things they mention is negative.
Good news- Their is very limited good news on the guardian compared to daily mail and the only bit of good news i could find was the ceasefire. This shows that the guardian shows more bad then good news and show the negative side of things.
Relevance- Keir starmar and his policies/work.
The appeal of the layout is that it's more neater and easy to see compared to the guardian this has been put in their own boxes and show underneath what the story would go under. The colours used is a dark blue and a white. The black writing against the white background making it stand up more and easier for the audience to read. They use a seriff font for the writing making it softer and an easy read for guardians audience.
Bandura: Media effects-
- Short term effects media has on the audience
- Media replication
- Copying violent behaviour
They talk about how what is viewed on the media with behaviour e.t.c. will be copied by younger and older audiences. The things that ave viewed will be copied by the audience whether its good or bad. The views people can see on the news can sway peoples opinion on certain things due to things they see or view without having the knowledge of whats going or having their own opinion on certain things even if what they just viewed or read was misinformation.
Gerbener: Cultivation theory-
- Mean world syndrome
- Long term effects media has on the audience
Gerbener talks about the effect media can have after a longer period of time for example when the news always mentions about knife crime in London people then link London with knife crimes.
Hall: Reception theory-
- 3 readings Negotiated, Oppositional, Dominant
Dominant- People have been harmed and killed.
Oppositional- Reject.
Negotiated- Accept death isn't okay but bigger picture to the ceasefire deal.
Jenkins: Fandom-
Fans act as 'textual poachers'.
Fans make content.
This links to news because of people sharing, liking or commeting on news that is posted.
Creating online communities.
The audience complaining so they either delete or edit posts.
Draws attention to the effect of online news and the threat this represents to more traditional models.
Doesn't apply to print news due to their centralised production.
Shirky: End of audience-
Traditional media being shaped by centralised producers.
User- generalised content.
Linking to news by sharing stories and posting comments.
11/9- Great start to your notes try to take key notes on the terminology areas- layout, text etc...
ReplyDelete19/9- Missed lessons on weds and thursday this week, please use my blog to catch up. L2 and L2B
ReplyDelete26/9- Some good points made here. T: 3 clearly state each point of the theory and explain how that applies to the two case study newspapers- This can be with specific examples from Newspaper covers that you have seen.
ReplyDelete2/10- Great work on the Guardian here. T: you need to re-read the Daily Mail as some of the statements are misleading. 3. online pressure and changes.
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDelete0/10- Some good points made here.
ReplyDeleteT: Structure of your response. Try to follow the points in the targets on the board, write a paragraph on each.
1. Concentrated news ownership
2. Postmodern mixing of genres
3. Cultural events in newspapers
4 Consumerism
5 Online news preference.
6/11- Some good points here T: 1. You need to ensure that you then cover the other elements of the theory.
ReplyDelete2. You need to apply the element of the theory you are covering to both newspapers.
11/12- Great notes, keep these detailed with lots of examples to refer back to in revision
ReplyDelete15/1- Excellent notes
ReplyDelete